Pressures in Principal Typologies: PH'1-PH'3

Warning

The goal is to identify a neuro-biologically based instinct-type force, the psychosocial pressure, that is dominant for a particular Type—either for its existence (1°) or its operation (2°). The term used for this pressure must not be confused with the same word referring to phenomena or feelings that occur during the process or following the result e.g. the well-being pressure is not the same as a feeling of well-being. Pressures may be counterproductive, so succumbing to well-being may lead to discontent or misery.

PH'1: Decision Methods

Reminder: Revisit detailed accounts in the Deciding & Achieving Satellite.

The explanations for 1° pressures are different from those originally provided in the Architecture Room, but the findings are fully consistent in each Type. The 2° pressure propositions are completely new, so a full check on alternatives is provided.

► Re-read the warning above.

L'1-Rationalist

The 1° pressure is Autonomy because the decision-maker must choose and hold the values that guide the priorities that shape choices. Values cannot be imposed.

The 2° pressure is Certainty because use of the method calls for well-structured and well-understood issues and confidence that the goals are possible.

2° Alternatives: Closed Performance is not a particular concern. Understanding assists in the planning but use of the method does not depend on it. Neither acceptability nor well-being are essential. Selflessness is not required.

L'2-Empiricist

The 1° pressure is Certainty because decisions here are absolutely dependent on identifying the real problem and relevant facts.

The 2° pressure is Performance because while the method claims it has found an optimal solution, this cannot be known until the method is used and monitored to prove that it has delivered the promised outcome.

2° Alternatives: Closed Autonomy is not relevant for the problem or the facts. Understanding is subsidiary. Neither acceptability nor well-being are relevant to whether the solution works. Impartiality is important but use of the method does not call for selflessness.

L'3-Pragmatist

The 1° pressure is Performance because decisions are directly determined by the need to produce immediate tangible gains.

The 2° pressure is Understanding because the method focuses on a decider choosing actions where an incremental beneficial change can be easily and intelligently grasped.

2° Alternatives: Closed Certainty is not required because uncertainty is accepted. Autonomy is subsidiary to accepting that circumstances and opportunities are primary. Acceptability and well-being are supportive but not the main drivers. Selflessness is not a concern given that expedience and self-interest characterise the method.

L'4-Dialectic

The 1° pressure is Understanding because compromises cannot be reached without a grasp of interests, assumptions and values of the parties.

The 2° pressure is Acceptability because developing a compromise that is workable requires agreement and positive support from all parties.

2° Alternatives: Closed Performance is not a driver. Certainty is unrealistic and ambiguity is usual. Autonomy and well-being are intrinsically constrained by the situation. Selflessness is subsidiary to interests of the parties.

L'5-Systemicist

The 1° pressure is Acceptability because the model and especially the optimal-feasible scenario must accommodate so much: the current evolutionary state, multiple diverse values, technical and social requirements, constraints, potentials, environmental factors, immediate effects and long-term consequences,

The 2° pressure is Selflessness because the modeller must set aside all self-interest, sectional pressures and personal preferences while remaining true to the realities and ensuring acceptability. Decisions must represent and serve the system as a whole.

2° Alternatives: Closed Performance could damage balanced long-term development. Certainty in the face of complexity is unrealistic. Understanding is valuable but does not shape use. Autonomy would be inappropriate. Well-being may have to be sacrificed.

L'6-Structuralist

The 1° pressure is Selflessness because decisions are not a matter of personal preferences or interests but based solely on an obligation to create accountable posts, tasks or procedures that enable work required by the issue. Favouritism and seeking bribes to assign a post are counter-productive.

The 2° pressure is Well-Being because creation of accountability operates best when the person assigned to it experiences satisfaction and enjoyment in work that is suited to their capability, temperament and potential.

2° Alternatives: Closed Performance is monitored and used but is not the determinant. Certainty is not practical. Acceptability is desirable but can be distracting. Autonomy is limited by the decider's sphere of authority. Understanding is required but is not the prime determinant.

L'7-Imaginist

The 1° pressure is Well-Being because it is an inner disquiet that activates decision here. Transforming that disquiet into inspiration and commitment that produces a deep satisfaction is the essence of the method.

The 2° pressure is Autonomy because using the method depends on a freely reached authentic realization and a personal commitment to the inspiration.

2° Alternatives: Closed Performance is not a factor driving the process. Uncertainty may activate use, so there is no drive for certainty. Acceptability is subsidiary to authenticity. Understanding is subsidiary to a sense of rightness. Selflessness cannot be the main driver because personal factors are prominent.

PH'2: Research Methods

Reminder: Revisit detailed accounts in the Inquiry & Knowing Satellite.

The proposed 1° pressures follow the approach taken in PH'1 above. The 2° pressure propositions are completely new, so a full check on alternatives is provided.

► Re-read the warning above.

L'1-Empirical

The 1° pressure is Autonomy because the researcher must be free to observe, collect and judge data independently of theory, doctrine, or the views of authorities. Replications are similarly carried out under pressure for autonomy.

The 2° pressure is Certainty because using the method is pointless without maximum confidence that the data used to produce results represents the reality.

2° Alternatives: Closed Performance is not the key factor. Understanding is not required. Acceptability does not trump certainty and well-being is not essential. Impartiality is important, but selflessness is not relevant and might run counter to autonomy.

L'2-Analytic

The 1° pressure is Certainty because the researcher requires a stable and dependable basis in evidence, assumptions, rules of inference and the goals of the investigation.

The 2° pressure is Performance because the method entails using a flow of coherent reasoning to generate meaningful defensible conclusions.

2° Alternatives: Closed Acceptability and well-being are not relevant. Understanding may result but it is not a necessity. Autonomy is subsidiary to the material being analysed. Selflessness is again relevant without being a requirement.

L'3-Explanatory

The 1° pressure is Performance because the researcher must ensure hypotheses are both verifiable and testable in practice, and must do whatever is required in a methodologically correct way to falsify currently accepted conjectures.

The 2° pressure is Understanding because the method involves working out how to set up a test and then interpreting findings in light of the process as it occurred and also in terms of the initial hypothesis and possible alternatives.

2° Alternatives: Closed Acceptability of the hypothesis is irrelevant, and well-being created by the hypothesis and its testing is also irrelevant. Certainty may be desired but cannot be the driver. Autonomy is subsidiary to the process and selflessness is again relevant without being a prinicipal requirement.

L'4-Dialectic

The 1° pressure is Understanding because the researcher cannot properly articulate and explain, much less reconcile, the polarized positions without a deep grasp of the issues.

The 2° pressure is Acceptability because using the method requires accommodating the two opposing positions without any devaluation of either and producing a reconciliation that the scientific community can accept.

2° Alternatives: Closed Performance is irrelevant here. Certainty is not the issue and the synthesis may well be uncertain. Well-being is not relevant. Autonomy is not crucial because the polarization is a given. Selflessness is again relevant as impartiality, but is not a requirement or even necessarily a help.

L'5-Holistic

The 1° pressure is Acceptability because the researcher's modelling to facilitate change is dependent on the willingness of participants, their diverse values and politics, and inevitable uncertainties. The model must be legitimate and defensible.

The 2° pressure is Selflessness because the researcher in modelling must resist giving any preference to particular participants or powerful factions, to personal theories or disciplinary preferences, or convenient simplifications.

2° Alternatives: Closed Performance is irrelevant to model construction. Certainty is not the issue and not possible. Well-being is not relevant. Understanding is relevant but complexity limits its effectiveness. Autonomy is inappropriate given the goal is to serve the system representing it properly.

L'6-Formal

The 1° pressure is Selflessness because once axioms, definitions and rules are impersonally specified, everything is a logical consequence. The researcher is required to subordinate personal beliefs and intuitions so that whoever uses the method will follow the same formal steps to produce the identical proof or theorem.

The 2° pressure is Well-Being because using the method requires a love of formal-mathematical reasoning and enjoyment of the prolonged concentration, precision and engagement with highly abstract structures.

2° Alternatives: Closed Performance is not a driver. Certainty is taken for granted and does not serve as a driver. Acceptability plays no part in the process. Understanding and autonomy are relevant to choice of the issue but neither drive use of the method.

L'7-Contemplative

The 1° pressure is Well-Being because the researcher depends on feeling comfortable and fulfilled in being immersed in a mystery and deliberately allowing an unforced flow of images, ideas and symbols related to an object of wonderment.

The 2° pressure is Autonomy because using the method requires personal faith and self-belief including rejection of previous convictions and thinking outside the current consensus. Counter-intuitive formulations are asserted and left for others to check.

2° Alternatives: Closed Performance is irrelevant here because it takes as long as it takes. Certainty is unsuitable. Acceptability does not matter. Understandingis the hoped for result not the pressure for seeking, and selflessness is present but does not drive the process.

PH'3: Depiction Methods

Reminder: There is a detailed account of the methods in the Change & Fitting in Satellite. This account is very recent and both pressures were investigated and clarified there. The conclusions are shown below but the full investigation will not be repeated here.

The criterion for the 1° pressure is what drives the benefit from using the paradigm—because that is its rationale. The criterion for the 2° pressure is what drives the leader when using that paradigm to generate the benefit.

► Re-read the warning above.

L'1-Dynamic

The 1° pressure is Autonomy, which drives depiction to show an interacting system that can respond, adapt and develop itself.

The 2° pressure is Certainty, which drives the natural leader to resolve diverse and changing feedback in a definitive way that supports people and beneficial development of the system.

L'2-Atomisic

The 1° pressure is Certainty, which drives depiction to establish unambiguous boundaries that provide the entity with independence.

The 2° pressure is Performance, which drives the self-directed leader and provides justification for separateness, choices and responsible handling of rights and duties.

L'3-Causal

The 1° pressure is Performance, which drives depiction to produce predictions that are correct and effective in practice.

The 2° pressure is Understanding, which drives the specialist leader to reveal an expert grasp and interpretation of the relevant causal connections.

L'4-Dualistic

The 1° pressure is Understanding, which drives depiction to allow a complex situation to be reduced to a simple binary opposition that all can readily grasp.

The 2° pressure is Acceptability, which drives the representative leader to operate in accord with a mandate and respond directly to the views and wishes of followers.

L'5-Unified

The 1° pressure is Acceptability, which drives depiction to enable mastery of an irreducibly complex whole in a way that relevant participants are willing to accept as adequately encompassing the situation.

The 2° pressure is Selflessness, which drives the visionary leader to put personal and factional interests aside and submit to what the vision demands.

L'6-Structural

The 1° pressure is Selflessness, which drives depiction to stipulate a framework that is impartial, works for all and is enduring, which means it must not be affected by personal interests or preferences.

The 2° pressure is Well-Being, which drives the formal leader to occupy an authorized post and operate the framework in a way that those involved can feel secure, engaged, satisfied and empowered.

L'7-Unitary

The 1° pressure is Well-Being, which drives depiction to produce stability and that will only occur if it promises experiences of comfort, peace, security, and belonging.

The 2° pressure is Autonomy, which drives the dictator to reject constraints and follow personal preferences in defining and directing the whole, including taking all necessary steps to preserve homogeneity by suppression of dissent and control of communications.

Originally posted 31-Aug-2026.